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1.
Ter. psicol ; 40(2): 197-211, jul. 2022. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1410241

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Los estudios superiores representan el punto culminante del estrés académico, proceso multifactorial complejo, con alta carga de trabajo. El inventario SISCO del estrés académico posee buenas propiedades psicométricas para sus subescalas de Estresores, Sintomatología y para la puntuación media total, no así para la subescala de Afrontamiento. El objetivo de este artículo es corroborar lo reportado previamente en base a un análisis psicométrico completo. En 1126 estudiantes universitarios, se obtuvieron buenas propiedades psicométricas para las subescalas de Estresores y Sintomatología, con un buen ajuste en el análisis factorial confirmatorio, en base a una estructura de cuatro factores. La subescala de Sintomatología quedó conformada por las subescalas Reacciones físicas y psicológicas y por Reacciones del comportamiento social. La subescala de Afrontamiento mantiene propiedades psicométricas deficientes. La puntuación para el total de los ítems del instrumento muestra buenas propiedades psicométricas (alfa de Cronbach y omega de 0.820 y 0.860, respectivamente). Se corrobora lo reportado previamente, avalándose la necesidad de más estudios, y la modificación del instrumento, en especial la subescala de Afrontamiento.


Abstract: Higher education represents the peak of academic stress, a complex multifactorial process with a high workload. The SISCO academic stress inventory has good psychometric properties for its subscales Stressors, Symptomatology and for the whole instrument, but not for the Coping subscale. The aim of this paper is to corroborate previous reports based on a full psychometric analysis. In 1,126 university students, good psychometric properties were obtained for the Stressors and Symptomatology subscales, with a good fit in the confirmatory factor analysis, based on a four-factor structure. The Symptomatology subscale consisted of the subscales Physical and Psychological Reactions and Social Behavioural Reactions. The Coping subscale maintains poor psychometric properties. The complete scale score shows good psychometric properties (Cronbach's alpha and omega of 0.820 and 0.860, respectively). This corroborates previous reports and supports the need for further study and modification of the instrument, especially the Coping subscale.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Stress, Psychological/diagnosis , Students/psychology , Academic Performance , Adaptation, Psychological , Factor Analysis, Statistical
2.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 15(1): 12-18, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1359333

ABSTRACT

El hiperaldosteronismo primario (HAP) es la causa más común de hipertensión arterial secundaria. A pesar de la prevalencia del HAP (6-10%) y sus consecuencias, los mecanismos que median los efectos deletéreos renales y extrarenales originados por la aldosterona más allá de la hipertensión arterial (ej. inflamación renal, alteraciones cardiacas y disfunción vascular), siguen siendo poco conocidos. Estudios previos sugieren que el exceso de aldosterona aumentaría proteínas sensibles a la activación del receptor de mineralocorticoides (MR), como las lipocalinas LCN2 (NGAL) y ORM1. OBJETIVO: Determinar la concentración de las lipocalinas ORM1, NGAL y NGAL-MMP9 en sujetos HAP. SUJETOS Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte transversal en sujetos adultos (similares en sexo, edad e IMC) separados en controles normotensos (CTL), hipertensos esenciales (HE) y con screening positivo de HAP (aldosterona ≥9 ng/dL y ARP < 1 ng/mL*h acorde a las guías internacionales de HAP). Se determinó la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD), aldosterona plasmática, actividad renina plasmática (ARP) y la relación aldosterona / actividad de renina plasmática (ARR). Se determinó la concentración de NGAL, NGAL-MMP9 y ORM1 en suero por ELISA. RESULTADOS: Detectamos mayores niveles de ORM1 en sujetos HAP. No se detectaron diferencias en NGAL ni NGAL-MMP9 entre los grupos. Detectamos una asociación positiva de ORM1 con ARP (rho= -0,407, p=0,012) y con ARR (rho= 0,380 p= 0,021). CONCLUSIÓN: La mayor concentración de ORM1 en sujetos HAP y las asociaciones de ORM1 con aldosterona, ARP y ARR, proponen a esta proteína como un potencial biomarcador de HAP y de utilidad en el desarrollo de algoritmos diagnósticos de HAP.


Primary hyperaldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension. Despite the prevalence of PA (6-10%) and its consequences, the mechanisms that mediate the deleterious renal and extrarenal effects caused by aldosterone beyond arterial hypertension (eg renal inflammation, cardiac alterations and vascular dysfunction), remain barely known. Previous studies suggest that excess aldosterone would increase proteins sensitive to activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), such as lipocalins LCN2 (NGAL) and ORM1. AIM: To determine the concentration of the lipocalins ORM1, NGAL and NGAL-MMP9 in PA subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study in adult subjects (similar in sex, age and BMI) grouped as normotensive controls (CTL), essential hypertensive (HE) and subjects with positive PA screening (aldosterone ≥ 9 ng/dL and PRA <1 ng/mL*h, according to international PA guidelines). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, plasma aldosterone, plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma aldosterone renin ratio (ARR) were determined. The concentration of NGAL, NGAL-MMP9 and ORM1 in serum was determined by ELISA. RESULTS: We detected higher levels Recibido: 03-09-2021 of ORM1 in PA subjects. No differences in NGAL or NGAL-MMP9 were detected between the groups. We detected a positive association of ORM1 with ARP (rho = -0.407, p < 0.05) and with ARR (rho = 0.380 p <0.05). CONCLUSION: The high levels of ORM1 in PA subjects and the associations of ORM1 with aldosterone, ARP and ARR, suggest ORM1 is a potential biomarker of PA, and useful in the development of a diagnostic algorithm for PA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Orosomucoid/analysis , Biomarkers/blood , Lipocalins/analysis , Lipocalins/blood , Hyperaldosteronism/blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cohort Studies , Renin/analysis , Aldosterone/blood , Arterial Pressure , Hyperaldosteronism/diagnosis , Hypertension/diagnosis
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(11)nov. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389387

ABSTRACT

Background: Familial hyperaldosteronism type I is caused by the generation of a chimeric aldosterone synthase enzyme (ASCE) which is regulated by ACTH instead of angiotensin II. We have reported that in vitro, the wild-type (ASWT) and chimeric aldosterone synthase (ASCE) enzymes are inhibited by progesterone and estradiol does not affect their activity. Aim: To explore the direct action of testosterone on ASWT and ASCE enzymes. Material and Methods: HEK-293 cells were transiently transfected with vectors containing the full ASWT or ASCE cDNAs. The effect of testosterone on AS enzyme activities was evaluated incubating HEK-cells transfected with enzyme vectors and adding deoxycorticosterone (DOC) alone or DOC plus increasing doses of testosterone. Aldosterone production was measured by HPLC-MS/MS. Docking of testosterone within the active sites of both enzymes was performed by modelling in silico. Results: In this system, testosterone inhibited ASWT (90% inhibition at five pM, 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) =1.690 pM) with higher efficacy andpotency than ASCE (80% inhibition at five pM, IC50=3.176 pM). Molecular modelling studies showed different orientation of testosterone in ASWT and ASCE crystal structures. Conclusions: The inhibitory effect of testosterone on ASWT or ASCE enzymes is a novel non-genomic testosterone action, suggesting that further clinical studies are needed to assess the role of testosterone in the screening and diagnosis of primary aldosteronism.

4.
Salud pública Méx ; 62(3): 288-297, May.-Jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1377315

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Objectiv: To explore the perception of the use and comprehension of the nutrition labeling (GDA, NFT, NS) and claims in packaged foods among different socio economic-status (SES). Materials and methods: This was a qualitative study, 12 focus groups were performed in four cities of Mexico. Participants were recruited outside the supermarkets, which were selected according to SES using Basic Geostatistical Areas. The focus groups had a total of 78 participants. Results: Participants perceived several barriers to the use and understanding of the GDA; like technicalities of the terms used, and the format (small font size and percentages). Claims are mistrusted in general. Participants from the high SES believed that the claims are just a marketing strategy. Conclusion: This study shows the consumers' difficulties to understand the current nutrition labeling system regardless SES. These data might call attention in order to implement a simpler nutrition labeling system that is understood regardless of SES.


Resumen: Objetivo: Explorar la percepción sobre el uso y la comprensión del etiquetado de alimentos (GDA, NFT, NS) y sobre las declaraciones de alimentos empaquetados entre diferentes niveles socioeconómicos (NSE). Material y métodos: Estudio cualitativo en el que se formaron 12 grupos focales en cuatro ciudades de México. Los participantes fueron reclutados afuera de supermercados y fueron seleccionados por nivel socioeconómico, a partir de Áreas Geoestadísticas Básicas. El número total de participantes fue 78. Resultados: Los participantes percibieron barreras para el uso y comprensión del GDA como términos técnicos utilizados, fuente pequeña y porcentajes numéricos. Se reportó desconfianza hacia las declaraciones en alimentos empaquetados. Los participantes del NSE alto perciben que las declaraciones son estrategia de marketing. Conclusión: Este estudio muestra las dificultades para entender el etiquetado de alimentos actual entre diferentes NSE. Estos datos enfatizan la necesidad de implementar un etiquetado que sea comprendido entre NSE.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Social Class , Attitude , Focus Groups , Comprehension , Food Labeling , Printing/standards , Cities , Focus Groups/statistics & numerical data , Nutrition Policy , Consumer Behavior , Qualitative Research , Mexico , Terminology as Topic
5.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 13(1): 6-10, 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1048791

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El gen FOXE1 (Forkhead box E1) codifica para un factor de transcripción involucrado en la morfogénesis tiroidea. El cáncer papilar de tiroides (CPT) se ha asociado con polimorfismos (SNP) de FOXE1 rs1867277 y rs965513 en población asiática y europea. Nuestro objetivo fue investigar la frecuencia y asociación de SNP rs1867277 y rs965513 con CPT y el riesgo de recurrencia de CPT en sujetos chilenos. Métodos: Se reclutaron sujetos con y sin CPT, se describieron sus características epidemiológicas y la forma de presentación clínica (AJCC VIII y MINSAL 2013). Se aisló ADN de leucocitos periféricos y evaluó ambos SNP mediante PCR-HRM y secuencia. Se compararon las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas entre casos CPT y controles, y entre pacientes CPT de distintos riesgos de recurrencia. Se compararon frecuencia y se estimó el riesgo con test de Fisher y cálculo de odds-ratio (OR). Resultados: De los 184 sujetos, 156 (85%) eran mujeres, edad 39,3±12,3 años; 90 con CPT y 94 sin CPT 26 (28,9%) pacientes eran de riesgo muy bajo, 45 (50%) bajo, 16 (17,8%) intermedio y 3 (3,3%) alto según MINSAL 2013. En relación a la frecuencia de alelo menor (MAF) calculada en sujetos control y CPT, fue 31,7% y 24,5% (SNP rs965513), y 36,7% y 30,1% 8 (rs1867277), respectivamente (p NS). Tampoco fueron diferentes las MAF calculados y comparados entre pacientes con CPT de riesgo bajo e intermedio/alto. Sin embargo, la combinación de los genotipos rs1867277GG y rs965513AA se asoció a mayor riesgo de CPT. Conclusiones: En pacientes chilenos, se describe una frecuencia MAF de los SNP rs1867277 y rs965513 cercana a un 30%, las cuales no se asocian a CPT ni riesgo de recurrencia, sin embargo, sujetos con una combinación genotípica particular podrían tener mayor riesgo de CPT.


FOXE1 gene (Forkhead E1 box) codes for a transcription factor involved in thyroid morphogenesis. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been associated with FOXE1 polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1867277 and rs965513 in Asian and European population. Our aim was to investigate the frequency and the association of SNPs rs1867277 and rs965513 with PTC and the risk of recurrence of PTC in Chilean subjects. Methods: We recruited subjects with and without PTC. In those with PTC, their epidemiological characteristics and clinical features presentation are described according to AJCC VIII and MINSAL 2013 scales. Peripheral leukocyte DNA was isolated and both SNPs were evaluated using PCR-HRM and sequencing. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were compared between PTC cases and controls, and between PTC patients with different recurrence risks. Results: Of the 184 subjects, 156 (85%) were women, age 39.3 ± 12.3 years; 94 (51%) without PTC and 90 with PTC (49%): 26 (28.9%) patients had very low, 45 (50%) low, 16 (17.8%) intermediate and 3 (3.3%) high risk of recurence according to MINSAL 2013. Regarding the minor allele frequency (MAF) calculated on control and PTC subjects, was 31.7% and 24.5% (SNP rs965513), and 36.7% and 30.1% (rs1867277), respectively (p NS). In patients with PTC, MAFs were not different between patients with low and intermediate/high risk PTC. However, the combination of rs1867277GG and rs965513AA genotypes were associated with an increased risk of PTC. Conclusions: In Chilean patients, the MAF frequency of SNPs rs1867277 and rs965513 is near 30%, and they are are not associated with PTC or its risk of recurrence. However, subjects with a particular genotypic combination may have an increased risk of PTC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/epidemiology , Polymorphism, Genetic , Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Chile/epidemiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Risk Assessment , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/genetics , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology
6.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 11(2): 54-61, abr. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-914726

ABSTRACT

About 15% of the essential hypertensive patients would have a low activity of the 11ßHSD2 enzyme, which inactivates cortisol (F) to cortisone (E). Gene expression can be negatively regulated by miRNA. Urinary exosomes and their specific content (miRNA/proteins) represent a valuable tool as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Aim: To evaluate the expression of miRNA specific for 11ßHSD2 in samples of urinary exosomes and to determine its association with biochemical variables associated with mineralocorticoid metabolism. Subjects and Methods: Cross-sectional study in subjects between 10-60 years. They were classified into subjects with high F/E (> p75) and low cortisone (< p25) and control subjects. The urinary exosomes were isolated with the Invitrogen kit. Bioinformatic analysis was performed with Mir Walk to identify specific miRNAs of HSD11B2. The expression of miRNA was evaluated by qRT PCR. The comparisons were made with the Mann-Whitney test. Results: 7.1% of the subjects are suggestive of a partial deficiency of 11ßHSD2 (NC-AME). The expression of miR-488 was higher in NC-AME than in controls (5839 ± 1719 vs 3,437 ± 2,581; p = 0.01). We found positive associations between mir-615 and ARP; miR-488 and the sodium/potassium ratio; miR-1205 with age and urinary sodium excretion; miR-494 with age, activity MMP9 and NGAL. Conclusion: We identified high expression of miR488 in NC-AME subjects and associations of miRNAs with biochemical variables associated with mineralocorticoid metabolism. Thus, exosomes and their miRNA content could be potential regulators and biomarkers of 11ßHSD2 activity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Receptors, Mineralocorticoid , MicroRNAs , 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 , Exosomes , Hypertension , Cross-Sectional Studies
7.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 9(1): 19-26, ene. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-831339

ABSTRACT

Background: Treatment of dendritic cells (DC) with aldosterone induces the secretion of IL-6 and TGF-beta. The polarization of naïve T cells to helper 17 T lymphocytes with DCs pre-incubated with aldosterone, has been described in vivo, generating an IL-17 hyper-secreting phenotype, a cytokine associated with cardiac and renal fibrosis. There are mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) in immune cells and their activation may determine the inflammatory (M1) or adaptive (M2) macrophage phenotype. Aldosterone levels could regulate immunogenic gene expression in these cells, modulating the liberation of specific cytokines. Aim: To assess in humans the association of aldosterone levels and IL-17 with inflammatory markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Material and Methods: In blood samples of 176 participants aged 18 to 67 years (61 percent women) with a body mass index of 27.1 +/- 4.8 kg/m2, aldosterone, plasma renin activity (ARP), cortisol, C reactive protein, andIL-17 were measured. mRNA was isolated from PBMCs to measure the expression of MR RAC-1, HO-1, TLR-4, CD-14, NGAL and IL-17 by real time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Aldosterone correlated positively with ARP and the expression of CD-14 in PBMCs. Plasma levels of IL-17 were positively associated with the expression of MR, Rac1a and NGAL. Conclusions: Aldosterone and IL-17 levels were associated with inflammatory activation markers in PBMC, which could activate MRand promote a subclinical inflammatory status inducing hypertension.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Aldosterone/genetics , Hypertension/genetics , Hypertension/blood , /genetics , Aldosterone/blood , Biomarkers , Gene Amplification , /blood , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Receptors, Mineralocorticoid
8.
Salud ment ; 36(6): 513-520, nov.-dic. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-703517

ABSTRACT

Introducción Nuestra comprensión de la organización funcional del cerebro se debe a los avances en las técnicas de neuroimagen y a una intensa investigación clínica. Recientemente, la ciencia cognitiva (neurociencia cognitiva) en combinación con los avances tecnológicos han cambiado nuestra comprensión sobre la relación cerebro-conducta. Esta relación simbiótica ha permitido una mejor caracterización del sitio de la lesión en pacientes con trastornos cerebrales y de los patrones de activación en sujetos sanos. Objetivo En el presente artículo se discute la contribución del hemisferio izquierdo y la participación del hemisferio derecho en la regulación de la conducta motora; esto nos permitirá comprender mejor la lateralización de las funciones motoras. Desarrollo Los resultados apoyan la visión de un predominio del hemisferio izquierdo para el lenguaje y el control motor, y un predominio del hemisferio derecho para las funciones espaciales y la atención. Las áreas especializadas son probablemente predeterminadas y ciertas funciones están lateralizadas a uno u otro hemisferio, esto debido a la eficiente organización y procesamiento de la información en el cerebro. Conclusión En los estudios revisados, se observaron funciones específicas para cada hemisferio, lo que sugiere la existencia de una compleja organización que recluta a varias áreas del Sistema Nervioso para el adecuado desempeño de una tarea.


Introduction Our understanding of functional brain organization is due to advances in neuroimaging technologies and intensive clinical research. Recently, cognitive science (cognitive neuroscience), combined with advances in technology, have changed our understanding of brain-behavior relationship. This symbiotic relationship has allowed a better characterization of the lesion site in patients with brain disorders and patterns of activation in healthy subjects. Objective In this article we discuss the contribution of the left hemisphere and right hemisphere involvement in the regulation of motor behavior; this will allow us to better understand the lateralization of motor functions. Development The results support the view of a left hemisphere dominance for language and motor control, and a right hemisphere dominance for spatial functions and attention. Specialized areas are probably predetermined and certain functions are lateralized to one or other hemisphere due to the efficient organization and information processing in the brain. Conclusion In the studies reviewed, specific functions for each hemisphere were observed, suggesting the existence of a complex organization that recruits several areas of the Nervous System for proper task performance.

11.
Rev. méd. Maule ; 16(1/2): 16-9, dic. 1997. mapas, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-229020

ABSTRACT

Para medir el grado de deprivación afectiva en que viven los senescentes de una comuna rural pobre de Chiloé se aplicó una encuesta tipo a 102 pacientes mayores de 60 años que acudieron entre enero y abril de 1997 al Consultorio de Puqueldón y a las Postas de la comuna. La población estaba constituida por mujeres en un 88,2 por ciento de los casos, y por hombres en un 11,8 por ciento. La causa más frecuente de consulta se debió a control de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles destacando en primer lugar la Hipertensión Arterial. El 48,1 por ciento de las consultas por morbilidad se refería a trastornos afectivos y psicológicos. En el aspecto socioeconómico un 72,5 por ciento vive en situación de indigencia y un 25,5 por ciento en carácter de allegado. En lo referente a la situación afectiva a pesar de que un 98,1 por ciento vive acompañado por familiares sólo un 29,4 por ciento se encuentra casado. El Apgar Familiar de Smilkstein reveló gran funcionalidad en un 80,4 por ciento de los casos, sin embargo la Prueba para amistades detectó un 47 por ciento de disfunción severa y un 31,4 por ciento de disfunción moderada. Lo anterior lleva a plantear la necesidad de implementar diversas medidas de carácter integral orientadas a reforzar el desenvolvimiento social y la salud mental de este segmento poblacional de creciente aumento para las próximas décadas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged/psychology , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Affective Symptoms/epidemiology , Social Conditions/statistics & numerical data , Marital Status/statistics & numerical data , Interpersonal Relations , Chronic Disease/epidemiology
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